癌症有超過一百個種類，一般可依據癌細胞原發部位來分類，例如肺癌、乳癌等；另外能根據不同組織或細胞做以下分類：
Veterinary oncology, concentrating mainly on cats and canine, is actually a growing specialty in rich nations and the major kinds of human procedure for instance medical procedures and radiotherapy may be presented.
In non-individuals, a couple of forms of transmissible most cancers have also been explained, wherein the cancer spreads in between animals by transmission with the tumor cells them selves.
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Diagnosing a new cancer within a pregnant lady is tough, in part for the reason that any signs are generally assumed to be a normal discomfort connected with pregnancy. Because of this, cancer is typically found in a to some degree later on stage than typical.
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Some remedies can interfere Along with the mother's capacity to give start vaginally or to breastfeed.[271] Cervical cancer may need start by Caesarean portion.
Engraving with two views of a Dutch lady who experienced a tumor removed from her neck in 1689 Cancer has existed for all of human historical past.[226] The earliest published document regarding most cancers is from c. 1600 BC while in the Egyptian Edwin Smith Papyrus and describes breast most cancers.[226] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC – c. 370 BC) explained various kinds of cancer, referring to them Along with the Greek phrase καρκίνος karkinos (crab or crayfish).[226] This name emanates from the appearance from the Lower floor of a reliable malignant tumor, with "the veins stretched on all sides because the animal the crab has its feet, whence it derives its title".
Area signs could take place a result of the mass in the tumor or its 癌症 ulceration. Such as, mass results from lung most cancers can block the bronchus leading to cough or pneumonia; esophageal most cancers could cause narrowing from the esophagus, rendering it challenging or distressing to swallow; and colorectal cancer may bring on narrowing or blockages within the bowel, influencing bowel habits. Masses in breasts or testicles may possibly generate observable lumps.
放射線治療（也稱放療、輻射療法）是使用輻射線殺死癌細胞，縮小腫瘤。放射治療可經由體外放射治療（英语：external beam radiotherapy）或體內近接放射治療。由於癌細胞的生長和分裂都較正常細胞快，藉由輻射線破壞細胞的遺傳物質，可阻止細胞生長或分裂，進而控制癌細胞的生長。不過放射治療的效果僅能侷限在接受照射的區域內。放射治療的目標則是要儘可能的破壞所有癌細胞，同時盡量減少對鄰近健康組織影響。雖然輻射線照射對癌細胞和正常細胞都會造成損傷，但大多數正常細胞可從放射治療的傷害中恢復。因此通常在臨床上，醫師與放射專家會小心計算需要的放射線劑量，同時放射治療也會分成許多次進行，讓健康的組織在每次輻射線照射的間隔中能有機會恢復。
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not directly lead to most cancers nevertheless it brings about immune deficiency which will Amplify the chance due to other infections, in some cases approximately quite a few thousandfold (in the case of Kaposi's sarcoma). Importantly, vaccination in opposition to the hepatitis B virus as well as the human papillomavirus have been shown to almost get rid of the potential risk of cancers caused by these viruses in folks efficiently vaccinated ahead of infection.
Doable harms in the screening examination: one example is, X-ray visuals entail exposure to most likely damaging ionizing radiation
微量營養素缺乏被認為與癌症有關，但是進行隨機臨床實驗需要眾多人數參與，需時多年才能完成，因此花費也極為昂貴和複雜，所以很少實施。而通常只能以單劑量來做實驗，缺乏其他濃度比較，使得難以評估實際臨床所需的量也是一大問題。